The epidemiology and clinical characteristics of co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses in patients during COVID-19 outbreak.

In this study, we performed a single-centered study of 307 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients. It was found that co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus was common during COVID-19 outbreak. And patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza B virus have a higher risk of developing poor outcomes so a detection of both viruses was recommended during COVID-19 outbreak.

A case report of tracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a 34-week pregnant woman misdiagnosed with asthma.

RATIONALE: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon neoplastic entity with a tendency of local recurrence and a low risk of distant metastasis. Involvement of trachea is extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 34-week pregnant woman previously diagnosed with asthma for 2 months was admitted with persistent wheezing and hemoptysis. A computed tomography scan and bronchoscopy revealed a gigantic polyp in the trachea. DIAGNOSES: Tracheal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. INTERVENTIONS: The mass was removed with an electrocautery snare and identified histologically as an IMT. Further immunochemical staining showed strong positive staining for smooth muscle actin and platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRA), weak positive staining for caldesmon, and negative staining for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)1, desmin, S-100, and CD34. The tracheal IMT strongly expressed estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), which indicated that the development of this rare IMT might have been associated with hormone fluctuations that occurred during the pregnancy. OUTCOMES: Follow-up and histological analyses revealed no evidence of recurrence and metastasis. LESSONS: This report describes an extremely rare case of a tracheal IMT that presented a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician and the pathologist. Tracheal IMT is a challenge for the clinician in diagnosis due to the nonspecific clinical presentation. Histology and immunohistochemistry are required to reach an accurate diagnosis of IMT.

A case report of local treatment of inoperable squamous cell lung carcinoma with convex-probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided intratumoral injection of cisplatin in a patient with severe COPD.

RATIONALE: Endobronchial ultrasound as a powerful diagnostic technology can also be used to perform intratumoral chemotherapy for extraluminal tumor. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 69-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presented with worsening dyspnea. A pulmonary function test showed severe airway obstruction and that forced expiratory volume in 1 s was 43% of the predicted value after a bronchodilator. DIAGNOSES: A bronchoscopy and histopathological analyses revealed a squamous cell carcinoma mostly located outside of the lumen with central airway obstruction. INTERVENTIONS: Due to the poor pulmonary function, he cannot tolerate conventional active treatments, such as surgery, full dose systemic chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Local treatments including argon plasma coagulation, cryotherapy, and bronchoscopic endobronchial intratumoral chemotherapy with cisplatin were performed to debulk intraluminal component of the tumor and recanalize occlusive airways in the left upper lobe. Convex-probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle injection (EBUS-TBNI) delivered cisplatin into the extraluminal component of the tumor to relieve the symptom of dyspnea and opened up the opportunity for systemic chemotherapy without severe systemic complications. OUTCOMES: The patient had a good response to the comprehensive therapy of 4 cycles of low-dose intravenous chemotherapy and bronchoscopic interventions. LESSONS: EBUS-TBNI is proven an effective and safe method to treat inoperable extraluminal central pulmonary carcinoma complicated with severe COPD. In the future, EBUS-TBNI may offer more treatment indications outlined in the existing publications.